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高一英语重点词语用法 6(新课标版高一英语优秀教学设计)
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1.sport与game用法比较
1)sport可指各种运动或户外消遣,可以是娱乐性的,也可以是竞赛性的体育活动。sport特指某种运动项目时,一般用作可数名词;它还指运动会,常用复数形式 sports(=sports meet)。如:
①our headmaster is fond of sport, not music.
我们校长喜欢体育,不喜欢音乐。
②fishing and hunting are his favorite sports.
钓鱼和打猎是他特别喜爱的运动。
③the school sports meet will take place next week. 学校运动会将在下周举行。
2)比较:game(游戏、运动、比赛)。可以是户内或户外的,也可以是脑力或体力的,通常有一定规则,凡参加者都必须遵守。指球赛时,美国英语用game,英国英语用match。指大型的国际体育运动会、比赛,用game.
如:
①football is a game which makes me excited.
足球是一项让我激动的运动。
②let\'s play a game of chess! 咱们下盘棋吧。
③the olympic games are held every four years. 每四年举行一次奥运会。
2.excite一词的用法
1)excite作及物动词,意为“使激动”,“使兴奋”,在主动结构中以事物作主语;在被动结构中以人作主语。如:
①the result of the experiment excited me. 实验的结果令我激动。

②everybody was excited by the news of the victory.
人人为此胜利的消息而兴奋。
2)exciting与excited都可作形容词用,在句中作定语或表语,但两者用法不同。exciting意思是“令人激动的”,常用来修饰事物;excited 意思是“对……感到激动的”,常用来修饰人或人的表情、声音等。如:
①why were they so excited?
他们为什么如此激动?
②the excited children were opening their christmas gifts.
激动的孩子们打开圣诞礼物。
③the trip was very pleasant and exciting.
这次旅行使人感到又愉快又激动。 ④we just watched an exciting football match.
我们刚看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
⑤he gave an excited shout. 他发出了激动的叫喊。
注:在上例中,修饰shout的形容词不是exciting而是excited,表示“喊声”是由于人的激动而发出的。
3)excitement是名词,作“兴奋、激动”解时,是不可数名词;作“使人兴奋的事物”时,是可数名词。
3.join, join in, take part in 和 attend 的用法比较
这几个词或短语都有“参加”的意思,但用法不同。
1)join有两个用法:
(1)指加入某个党派,团体组织等,成为其成员之一,意为:“参军、入团、入党”等。如:
①when did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的?
②she joined the young pioneers. 她加入了少先队。
(2)和某人一道做某事,其结构为:join sb. in (doing) sth.,根据上下文,in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。如:
①will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗?
②he\'ll join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一道唱歌。
③we\'re going to the east lake park on sunday. will you join us?
我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一道去好吗?
2)join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语。
如:
①come along, and join in the ball game. 快,来参加球赛。
②why didn\'t you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈?
3)take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如:
①we\'ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
②we often take part in physical labour. 我们经常参加体力劳动。
【注意】take part in是惯用词组,part前一般不用冠词,但part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。如:
①lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.
林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制。
4)attend是正式用语,及物动词,指参加会议,婚礼,葬礼,典礼;去上课,上学,听报告等。句子的主语只是去听,去看,自己不一定起积极作用。
如:
①he\'ll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
②i attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。
4.farther与further的区别
1)表示“较远”、“更远”时,两者可以通用。如: ①we can\'t go any farther (further) with a rest. 我们不休息无法向前走了。
②they went farther (further) into the forest。他们走向森林深处。
2)further还表示“更多的”,“另外的”;“进一步”,“深一层”;“而且,此外”等含义,而farther没有此义。如:
①we must get further information. 我们必须获得更多的信息。
②we need go further into the matter. 我们必须进一步调查此事。
③the museum will be closed until further notice.
该博物馆将关闭,开放时将另行通知。
5.win与beat的用法区别
win与beat的区别:win后接战争、比赛、奖品等名词作宾语,不能接竞争对手作宾语;而beat后常接竞争对手,意为“打败”、“击败”。试比较:
win a race/a battle/ a prize/a medal/success/friendship
赢得赛跑/战役/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊。
beat the competitor/the team/the country打败对手/队/国家
6.time作“时代”解时的用法
time作“时代”解时,常用复数形式(times)。如:
①in ancient times, man lived on wild plants and wild beasts.
在古代,人类靠野果和野兽为生。
②times have changed, and we shouldn\'t fall behind.
时代变了,我们不应落后于时代。
③she didn\'t understand the spirit of the times. 她不理解那个时代的精神。
【注意】 time作“时代”解时,也可用单数形式,如:
①he lived in queen victoria\'s time. 他生活在维多利亚女王时代。
7.happen 的两种含义
happen可作“发生”解,常指意外地、偶然地发生某一件事。它的另一含义是“碰巧”。如:
①what time did the accident happen? 事故是什么时间发生的?
②if anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他发生什么事,请通知我。
③i happened to meet him in the street yesterday. 我昨天碰巧在街上遇见他。
④it so happened that i had no money with me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。
8.every和表示数量的词连用。
1)every可与表示数量的词连用,表示时间或空间的间隔。如:
①every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the olympic games. 每四年,来自世界各地的运动员参加奥林匹克运动会。
②i usually go to my uncle\'s every three days (=every third day).
我通常每三天(每隔两天)去我叔叔家一次。
③there\'s a bus stop every two miles. 每两英里有个车站。
④they looked up and gave a smile to each other every few minutes.
每隔几分钟他们抬起头相互笑笑。
【注意】every后可接 few,但不能接 a few,因 every一词已包含了a之意,如句④,另外every后也不能接some,several,many等词。every后接序数词时,则修饰单数可数名词,如句②
2)every 可与other + 单数可数名词连用,表示“每隔一……”。如:
①please write on every other line (third line).
请隔行写。(请隔两行写一行。)
②they planted a tree every other metre along the road.
他们在马路边每隔一米栽一棵树。
③the doctor comes to see my mother every other day.
医生每隔一天来看我妈妈一次。
重要词组短语
1.prefer…to…的含义
1)prefer a to b 意思上接近于like a better than b,表示“喜欢……要胜过喜欢……”。在这一结构中,to为介词,prefer和to后面可接名词或动词-
ing形式。
①i prefer science to languages. 我喜欢理科而不太喜欢文科。
②he prefers beer to coffee. 啤酒与咖啡相比,他更喜欢啤酒。
③he said he preferred the country life to the city life.
他说城市和农村相比,他更喜欢农村。 ④even on holidays, he preferred doing something to doing nothing. 即使在假日里,他也宁愿干点什么事,而不愿闲待着。
2)prefer 不接介词 to短语而单独使用时,相当于 like…very much。这时 prefer后面可接名同,代词,不定式,动词-ing形式等。例如:
①southerners prefer rice while northerners prefer food made from flour. 南方人比较爱吃米饭,北方人比较爱吃面食。
②which would you prefer, tea or coffee?
茶和咖啡,你较喜欢哪一种?
③she preferred to work and live with the common people.
她喜欢工作生活在普通人中间。
④so you prefer staying with your children on holidays?
这么说,你在假日中宁愿与孩子们在一起了?
【注意】prefer在构成其-ed及-ing形式时,要双写词尾字母 r,即:preferred,preferring
3)prefer还可与 rather than连用,这时 prefer和 rather than后面一般接不定式,而不接动词-ing形式,rather than后面的不定式符号 to可有可无[注: 可以有,也可以没有。指有没有都无关紧要。]
如:
①she preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
她宁愿和我们一道去,而不愿留下。
②he preferred to write to her rather than telephone her.
他宁愿写信给她,而不愿打电话给她。
2.由read构成的短语
1)read out sth. =read sth. loud for others to hear,意为“读出”、“宣布”。
①your teacher will read out eight sentences. which picture is she talking about?
你的老师将读出8个句子,她分别读的是有关哪幅画的呢?
②here\'s a letter from tom. shall i read it out?
这儿有一封汤姆的来信,我要不要读出来。
③the headmaster read out the names of the winners and the contest results of each class. 校长公布了获胜者姓名以及各班竞赛结果。
2)read sth. to sb./ read sb. sth. =read loud for sb. to hear.
表示“读给某人听”。
①here\'s a report about our school. let me read it to you.
这儿有一篇有关我们学校的报道,我来读给你听。
②the teacher read a poem to the class. 老师给全班同学读了首诗。
③she read the children a story. 她给孩子们读了篇故事。
④children like to be read to. 孩子们喜欢读给他们听。
【注意】read to sb. 是“读给某人听”的意思,read for sb. 是“替某人读”的意思。
3)read sth. to oneself = read sth. in silence. 意思是“默读”
①read it to yourself. i\'m not interested in it.
不要读出声来,我对此不感兴趣。
4)read between the lines = to find a meaning that is not expressed. 表示“体会字里行间[注: 指文章的某种思想感情没有直接说出而是通过全篇或全段文字透露出来。]言外之意[注: 指有这个意思,但没有在话里明说出来。]”。
①if you read between the lines, this letter is really a request for money.
你如果体会一下言外之意,这封信实际上是要钱。
5)read可用作不及物动词,指文字的流畅或通顺情况。
①the sentence doesn\'t read well. 这个句子不通顺。
②her letters always read well. 她的信读起来很好。
③the full text reads as follows, …全文如下:…
6)read 可用来表示“理解”、“解释”,如:
①don\'t read my silence as consent. 别把我的沉默当作同意。
②how do you read this passage? 这一段话你怎么解释?
3.after that和since then的用法区别
after that表示在过去某一件事以后,但情况或动作并不延续到说话
时,所以句中的谓语动词仍要用一般过去时。since then表示从过去某一
点时间延续至说话时,强调到目前为止一直进行的动作或保持的状态。
因此句中谓语动词一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。试比较:
①after that he never passed any exam.
从那以后他任何一门考试都从未及格过。
②after that they took more attention to what i said and did.
从那以后他们对我的一言一行[注: 每句话,每个行动。]更加关注了。
③i have been studying hard since then.
从那以来我一直努力学习。
④he has written more than 20 books since then.
从那时候以来他写了二十多本书。
⑤it\'s over three years since then. 从那以来已有三年多了。
(句中常用 it\'s代替 it has been. )
【注意】that指过去某一件事,then指过去某一点时间。
4.介词for短语代表一个不定式
介词for短语常被用来代表一个动作。表示目的、用途、方向等。表示目的时,后面一般接名词,在作用上相当于一相表示目的的动词不定式。例如:
①in 1992 over 8000 competitors from more than 150 countries went to barcelona for the 25th summer olympics. 1992年,来自150多个国家的八千多运动员去巴塞罗那参加第25届夏季奥林匹克运动会。(= to take part in)
②the place to which she took us was just right for a picnic.
她带我们去在那个地方正适合野餐。
③we are travelling back to england soon for a holiday.
我们不久要回英格兰度假了。(for = to have)
④i\'ll go back to my room for my pen.
我要回宿舍去拿钢笔。(for = to get)
⑤he had to go out for food.
他不得不出去寻找食物。(for = to find)
⑥let\'s go in for some tea.
我们进去喝些茶吧。(for = to have)
⑦shall we go for a walk?
我们出去散散步好吗?(for = and take)
5.hand 构成的动词短语
学习下面例句,注意hand构成的动词短语的含义:
①please hand in your papers at the end of the exam.
请在考试结束时将试卷交上来。
②hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.
把这些铅笔分发给班上的每位同学。
③the thief was handed over to the police. 小偷被提交给了警方。
④please hand on the magazine to your friends. 请把这本杂志传给你的朋友们。
⑤then he handed the cup around the class of students.
他把杯子递给学生,在全班传了一圈。
⑥this ring has been handed down in my family for generations.
这枚戒指在我的家族中传了好几代了。
常用句型结构
1.many of the sports were the same as they are now.
1)the same as…中,same是代词,the same + 名词 + as…中,same是形容词。
在上述句型中,as是关系代词,引导定语从句,as在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。如:
①the house is just the same as it used to be. 这座房子还跟过去一样。(as在定语从句中作表语)
②we are facing the same problems as we did years ago. (as在从句中作动词宾语)我们正面临着几年前同样的问题。
③we drove out of the town by the same road as we had entered by. (as在从句中作介词宾语)
我们驱车出城时,与进城时是同一条路。
【注意】在这种句型中,为避免重复,as从句中常省略和前面相同的部分。
2)the same…that…表示……和……一样,指同一人或物。如:
①she lives in the same room that her mother lived.
她住在她母亲住过的同一间屋里。
2.after that more and more countries joined in the games.
形容词/副词“双重比较”的结构,表示持续不断的变化,意思是“越来越……”:
1)adj. /adv. + -er and adj. /adv. + -er(单音节及部分双音节的形容词/副词双重比较)例如:
①she is getting thinner and thinner. 她变得越来越瘦了。
②he runs faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快了。
2)more and more + adj. /adv. (多音节及部分双音节的形容词/副词双重比较)例如:
①our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的家乡变得越来越美丽了。
②we are going more and more slowly. 我们越走越慢了



 
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