aying goes(runs, says), "…"
= an old saying goes, "…"
= it's an old saying (that)子句
例┱俗话说得好：「诚实为上策」。
as an old saying goes, "honesty is the best policy."
22. (a) …用下列方法… … in the following ways.
(b) …有三个主要理由。 … for three major reasons.
(c) 要…¸至少我们可做三件事。 to …, there are at least three things we can do.
例┱(a) 我用下列方法增加信心。
i increase my confidence in the following ways.
(b) 人们学外语有三个理由。
people learn a foreign language for three major reasons.
(c) 为了维护健康¸我们每天至少可做三件事。
to keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.
ii. 用于文章承转句
23. 那就是(说)…；亦即…
that is to say, …
= that is, …
= namely, …
例┱我们生活需有规律。也就是说¸早睡早起¸戒除烟酒。
we need to live a regular life. that is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.
24. (a) 基于这个理由¸… for this reason, …
(b) 为了这个目的¸… for this purpose, …
例┱基于这个理由¸我已决定把行医作为未来的职业。
for this reason, i have decided

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