●学习目标
ⅰ.单词和词组
director,comment,career,biography,role,degree,graduate,award,stepfather,marry,create,scene,script,popcorn,firelight,studio,blockbuster,take off,shark,attack,creature,dinosaur,go wrong,follow-up,
cruelty,owe,couple,in all,can\'t help doing,speed,icy,millionaire,moving,take one\'s place,run after,escape,trouble,afford,live,call for,not just…but also…,action,think highly of,encourage
ⅱ.日常交际用语
what do you think has happened?
what do you know about…?
what was the reason…?
what is … about?
i like/ don\'t like… because…
what is your dream?
ⅲ.语法
学习限制性定语从句
●学习障碍
ⅰ.单词及短语
role,win,marry,reason,take off,go,owe,in all,can\'t help doing,take one\'s place,run after,escape,trouble,afford,live,call for,not just…but also…,think highly of,encourage
ⅱ.语法
定语从句中关系副词when/ where/ why及介词+whom/ which的用法
●学习策略
ⅰ.单词及短语部分
1.role n.
纵向归纳法：
(1)(戏剧中的)角色
oliver played the role of hamlet.
(2)(现实生活中的)身份,作用
what is your role on the committee?
(3)play a … role in… = play a … part in… 在……中扮演……角色或作用
the headmaster plays an important role in the good running of a school.
综合运用法：
the great part ________ workers played in the development of industry can\'t be forgotten forever.
a.which b.in which
c.where d.what
答案:a 解此题须综合运用定语从句知识,the great part 作先行词,在定语从句中 是play 的宾语,因此引导词应用which或that
2.win v.获胜,打赢
his poem won the first prize of ten dollars.
she won by four points.
横向比较法：
表示获胜、取胜的词语
(1)win 接比赛或奖项
he won the race.
he won the first place in the competition.
(2)beat 接对手
i can easily beat him at golf.
(3)defeat 表击败,接对手
our school defeated that school at football.
联系语境法：
we have ________ them in the game.
a.won b.lost
c.beaten d.passed
答案: c 打败他们。win,lose,pass 后接比赛项目。
3.marry
纵向归纳法：
(1)结婚 vi.
he didn\'t marry until he was fifty.
(2)和……结婚 vt. marry sb.
jean is going to marry hubert.
(3)(父母)嫁(女儿)marry sb.
he married his daughter to a businessman.
(4)(教士等)为……主持结婚仪式
we\'ve come to ask if you will marry them.
横向比较法：
(1)get married (to sb.)强调动作
his eldest girl got married last month.
(2)be married (to sb.)强调状态
how long have you been married?
击破定式法：
改错: mary decided to marry to the boy she had been with for 3 years.
答案:去掉第二个to
4.reason n.原因,理由
综合归纳法：
(1)+ to do sth.
you haven\'t any reason to leave me.
(2)+ for sth./ doing
people must have a reason for saying such things.
there was no reason for her rudeness.
(3)+从句, 从句用why/ for which引导
that is the reason why you should leave.
the reason for which we are late is that our car did not come.
(4)for + reason,为了某种原因
he is retiring for reasons of health.
击破定式法：
改错: do you know the reason of his being late?
答案: 把of改为for
5.take off
纵向归纳法：
(1)(飞机)起飞
a helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.
(2)脱下(衣裳等),解（拿）掉
he took off his wet shoes.
(3)取下来,使掉下来
who took the knob off the door?
(4)休假,请假,歇工
when his wife was sick he took off from work.
横向比较法：
take down
（1）拿下来,取下来
he reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.
（2）记下来
he read out the names and his secretary took them down.
take in
（1）接受(房客,客人等),让……在家居住(食宿),收留
the farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.
（2）理解,领会,明白
the boys could not take in his meaning.
（3）包括,涉及
the study of physics takes in many different subjects.
take on
（1）接受,从事(某工作)
after his father died,bill took on the management of the factory.
（2）雇用
is the supermarket taking on any more assistant?
take up
（1）从事某项活动,发展某种爱好
so many young men want to take up writing.
（2）开始做(某项工作)
then she took up the task of getting the breakfast.
（3）占用,占掉(时间)
the meeting took up the whole morning.
（4）占掉(空间)
the table takes up too much room.
（5）接受
i\'d like to take up your offer of a ride into town.
联系语境法：
i go to evening classes but it ________ a lot of my time.
a.takes out b.takes away
c.takes down d.takes up
答案: d 上夜校占据很多时间。take out去掉,take away拿走,使……离去,take down记下，拆掉。
6.go v.
纵向归纳法：
(1)变为,作系动词link-v.+ adj.
mother\'s hair has gone quite white.
she went pale at the news.
(2)走,去,离开
the train was now going faster and faster.
the pain will soon go.
(3)进行,进展
the meeting went badly.
everything goes well with me.
(4)过去分词gone作表语,表 “不在,走了”
their cousin was already gone out when they came down to breakfast.
his job was gone.
横向比较法：
表示 “变为”的系动词
(1)go 表示由积极向消极方面变化
fish soon goes bad in hot weather.
(2)become/ get 表示由积极向消极或消极向积极方面变化
the weather is getting quite warm.
i\'m getting very deaf.
gradually he became silent.
she became quite cheerful.
(3)turn 多接表颜色的词 this ink turns black when it dries.
he used to be a teacher till he turned writer.
注意: become a writer
(4)grow 侧重变化过程
the sea is growing calm.
(5)fall 进入某种状态
all three children fell asleep.
7.owe v.
纵向归纳法：
(1)欠(钱)owe sb.money = owe money to sb.
i owe ￡50 to my tailor.= i owe my tailor ￡50.
(2)得过(某人的)好处,欠(某人的)人情债
we owe a great deal to our parents and teachers.
(3)应当给予
you owe me an apology.
(4)……应归功于,……都亏得
we owe the general theory of relativity to einstein.
横向比较法：
表示 “由于”的词组
(1)owing to
owing to ill health,she is now not so active in the moment.
(2)because of
i\'ve chosen them because of the colours.
(3)thanks to
thanks to john\'s kind help,we finished early.
(4)due to
he arrived late due to the storm.
8.can\'t help doing sth.禁不住做某事,不由得不做某事
she couldn\'t help smiling.
横向归纳法：
（1）can\'t help but do 不得不……,不能不
when the streets are full of melting snow,you can\'t help but get your shoes wet.
(2)cannot but 不能不,只能
he could not but feel disappointed.
纵向归纳法：
(1)help (sb.)(to)do sth.
help me get him back to bed at once.
by helping them we are helping save ourselves.
(2)help…with sth.帮助……做某事
in those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.
(3)help oneself/ one to sth.给自己/别人夹菜/拿烟等,擅自拿用
may i help you to some more vegetables?
(4)help… in sth.在……方面帮助某人
she offered to help rose in the housekeeping when i am not here.
(5)help out 帮忙(做事,克服困难等)
i\'ve often helped bob out when he\'s been a bit short of money.
击破定式法：
i can\'t help ________ the windows since i\'ve too much work to do now.
a.cleaning b.to clean
c.cleaned d.being cleaned
答案: b 但此题中不是情不自禁[注: 禁：抑制。感情激动得不能控制。强调完全被某种感情所支配。]做某事,而是不能帮助擦玻璃,故是can\'t help to do sth.或can\'t help do sth.。
9.take one\'s place
纵向归纳法：
(1)入座,站好位置,取得地位
take your places,please.we are about to start.
(2)take one\'s place=take the place of sb.代替(职务或工作等),接替
my brother is ill,and i\'ve come to take his place.
electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in england.
横向比较法：
(1)in place (of)代替,……而不用
the grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee.
(2)take one\'s seat 在自己座位上坐下,在……上坐下
more men entered and took their seats.
(3)take place 发生,举行the wedding will take place next week.
联系语境法：
take your ________ for the next dance.
a.places b.seats
c.notices d.room
答案:a 联系语境，各就各位准备跳舞, 即take one\'s place，seat坐下,notice 注意。
10.run after 追逐,追求
if you run after two hares,you will catch neither.
i heard watson was running after you.
纵向归纳法：
(1)be after想得到,寻求,追求
he guessed that i was after something.
(2)go after追逐,追求,设法得到
the police warned the public not to go after the escaped prisoner,as he was armed and dangerous.
11.escape v.
纵向归纳法：
(1)逃走,跑掉
the soldier escaped from the enemy\'s prison.
(2)逃脱,逃避 + n./ doing
he narrowly escaped death.
there\'s no way to escape doing the work.
综合运用法：
用所给词的正确形式填空
you were lucky to escape ________ (punish).
答案: being punished 解此题须综合运用动名词知识。主语you承受动作punish ,故用动名词的被动形式。
12.trouble n.
纵向归纳法：
(1)麻烦,烦恼,烦心的事(可数,不可数)
it is a pity to give you so much trouble.
life is full of troubles.
(2)困难,费事(不可数) have trouble with sth./ have trouble (in)doing sth.
did you have much trouble in finding the post office?
i hope you won\'t have any trouble with the work.
(3)ask for trouble 自寻烦恼,自找麻烦
what made you write such a letter? it was asking for trouble.
(4)(be)in trouble 有烦事,有困难,出事,惹麻烦
he never came except when he was in trouble.
(5)put sb.to trouble 给某人造成麻烦,增添麻烦
i am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.
(6)take trouble to do sth.费事做某事,费心
it was good of you to take the trouble to help us.
综合运用法：
i\'m sorry to have given you ________ trouble.
a.a great number of b.such a lot
c.such much d.so much
答案:d 本题中trouble不可数名词, 解此题须综合运用修饰名词的量词的用法。a great number of修饰可数名词,a lot of 修饰可数或不可数名词,而a lot不能接名词,much 与so搭配。 13.afford v.
纵向归纳法：
(1)(和can,could,be able to连用)有(时间、经济等)条件(做某事)
+ to do
we can\'t afford to pay such a price.
+ n./ pron.(出得起,买得起等)
they do not consider whether they can afford it or not.
(2)经得起(做某事或发生某事)(多 + to do)
he could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.
联系语境法：
we had to buy a second-hand car since we couldn\'t ________ a new one.
a.afford b.pay
c.spend d.take
答案: a 联系语境,买不起新车。
14.live adj.
纵向归纳法：
(1)活的,活生生的,不是假想的(只作前置定语)
the laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.
(2)实况直播(不是录音)
it wasn\'t a recorded show.it was live.
(3)带电的,燃着的,可爆炸的
this is a live wire.
横向比较法：
(1)living adj.活着的，作定语
she was,he thought,the best living novelist in england.
the living are more important to us than the dead.
作表语
the old man is still living.
(2)alive adj.活着的
作后置定语
who\'s the greatest man alive?
作表语 was the snake alive or dead?
作补语 let\'s keep the fish alive.
有活力的,有生气
my grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.
(3)lively adj.活泼,有生气,活跃
young children are usually lively.
the music is bright and lively.
强烈的,敏锐的,鲜艳的,紧张的
i developed a very lively interest in history.
生动的,栩栩如生[注: 栩栩：活泼生动的样子。指艺术形象非常逼真，如同活的一样。]的
he told a very lively story about his life in africa.
联系语境法：
he is a ________ young man with much imagination.
a.live b.alive
c.living d.lively
答案: d 联系语境可知, 他是一个思想活跃的人, live作定语一般只修饰动物, alive作后置定语,living表示活着的人。
15.call for
纵向归纳法：
(1)来找(某人),来取(某物)
i\'ll call for you at your house.
(2)要求,需要
success in school calls for much hard work.
横向比较法：
(1)call on/ upon sb.拜访,去会(某人)
i hope to call on you at your office at 3 o\'clock today.
(2)call on/upon sb.to do sth.
请/叫某人做某事
he called upon me to speak immediately.
号召,呼吁,要求
the president called on his people to serve the country.
(3)call up 给……打电话 (英 ring up)
i tried to call you up last night,but no one answered the phone.
征召入役,调用(后备部队)
three boys in our street were called up last week.
联系语境法：
this problem ________ very careful thought.
a.calls at b.calls for
c.calls on d.calls out
答案:b 联系语境, 这个问题需要仔细思考,call for 需要,call at 拜访某地,call on拜访某人,call out大声叫出来。
16.think highly of
纵向归纳法：
(1)think highly/ well… of 赞赏
the people think very highly of him.
(2)think little/ badly…of 认为不好,不赞成
joan thought little of walking two miles to school.
(3)think much of 对……评价很高
he doesn\'t think much of that play.
(4)think nothing of 觉得不怎么样 he thinks nothing of your work.
横向归纳法：
(1)speak well/ highly/ ill of 说……的好/ 坏话
i don\'t know him personally,but he is very highly spoken of.
(2)have a good/ poor opinion of 对……印象很好/坏,认为很好/坏
they have a good/ low opinion of him.
击破定式法：
改错: political leaders were not well thought.
答案: 在thought后加of,短语think well of 变为被动语态时,容易忽略of。
ⅱ.语法部分
非限制性定语从句中关系副词when/ where/ why及介词+ which/ whom 的用法。
纵向归纳法：
1.关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分
when: 作时间状语.
where: 作地点状语
why: 作原因状语
2.如何使用“介词+ which/ whom”
which/ whom作介词的宾语, 首先确定定语从句的先行词,然后把先行词带回到定语从句中,看需要加上什么介词才能构成完整的句子, 然后根据先行词是人是物的语法作用确定关系副词。
（1）have you seen the knife ________ grandmother often cuts bread?
先行词the knife带回定语从句中构成grandmother often cuts bread with the knife.句中with the knife作方式状语,故空中填with which。
（2）i have met the teacher ________ you just talked about your child。
先行词the teacher带回定语从句中构成you just talked about your child with the teacher。故空中填with whom。
3.关系副词可用介词+which 代替
when= on/in/during/at…+ which
where= on/in/at/ in front of…+ which
why= for which
（1）i\'ll never forget the day ________ you called on me.
先行词the day带回定语从句中构成you called on me on the day，句中on the day作时间状语,故空中填 when 或 on which。
（2）do you know the reason ________ she was late?
先行词the reason带回定语从句中构成she was late for the reason，句中for the reason作原因状语,故填why 或for which。
（3）the hotel ________ i stayed during my holidays stands by the seaside.
先行词the hotel带回定语从句中构成i stayed at the hotel during my holidays。句中at the hotel作地点状语,故填where或at which。
4.whose可以用of+ which/ whom代替
linda lives in the room whose window faces south.
= linda lives in the room the window of which faces south.
= linda lives in the room of which the window faces south.
do you know the girl whose mother is working in our school?
= do you know the girl of whom the mother is working in our school?
= do you know the girl the mother of whom is working in our school?
注意：使用of + which/ whom时, 名词前要加定冠词the,表示特指关系。
横向比较法：
1.that与which的用法：
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语且指物时,that和which均可用，但介词提到定语从句前时,只能用which,即介词+ which
the spade (which/ that)you work with is mine.
= the spade with which you work is mine.
但不能用 with that。
2.who 与whom的用法
who 与whom均可作介词的宾语,但介词提到定语从句前时,只能用whom,
the old man (who/ whom)you work with is my grandmother.
=the old man with whom you work is my grandmother.
但不能用with who。
3.介词+which/ whom中介词的位置
(1)一般介词可前置,后置如1,2例
(2)短语介词要前置
he works in a factory at the back of which there is a river.
(3)少数动词短语中的介词不要前置
is this the key(which/ that)you are looking for?
(4)介词前有不定代词，数词,名词时介词要前置
in barcelona the chinese team got 16 gold medals，of which 12 were won by women.
she mentioned a magazine，the title of which i\'ve forgotten.
4.定语从句的转换
(1)可转换为非谓语动词
he is a good man with whom you can work.
=he is a good man with whom to work.
=he is a good man to work with.
there were a group of people who were waiting outside.
=there were a group of people waiting outside.
there are the books which are written in english.
=there are the books written in english.
(2)转换为其他从句
i will do everything i can to help you.
=i will do what i can to help you.
anybody who breaks the rules is punished.
=whoever breaks the rules is punished.
i\'ll go to the place where the party needs me most.
=i\'ll go where the party needs me most.
tell me the time when the train leaves.
=tell me when the train leaves.
that\'s the reason why you need the lab.
=that\'s why you need the lab.
(3)转换为介词短语
the students who are in class two will gather on the playground.
=the students in class two will gather on the playground.
(4)转换为形容词
he carried a basket which was full of apples.
=he carried a basket full of apples.
击破定式法：
注意: 下列句型之间的比较
1.a.is this the factory ________ his father visited last year?
b.is this the factory ________ his father worked last year?
答案: which/that/× where/at which
a句还原为陈述句this is the factory ________ his father visited last year.把先行词the factory带回到定语从句中,构成完整的句子his father visited the factory last year,故the factory 作visit的宾语。b句还原为陈述句,把先行词the factory带回到定语从句中,构成完整的句子his father worked at the factory last year,the factory作work的地点状语。
2.a.i will never forget the time ________ i spent with the villagers.
b.i will never forget the time ________ i stayed with the villagers.
答案:which/ that/× when/ in (during)which
a句先行词the time带回到定语从句中，构成i spent the time with the villagers，the time作spend的宾语。b句先行词the time带回到定语从句中,构成i stayed with the villagers in/during the time.the time作stay的时间状语。
3.a.it is this shop ________ i bought all these things.
b.it is in this shop ________ i bought all these things.
答案:where/in(at)which that
a句把先行词this shop带回定语从句中, 构成i bought all these things in this shop.this shop作buy的地点状语。b句属于强调句型,强调地点状语.强调句型为 it is/ was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其他部分。
4.a.it was 1949 ________ prc was founded.
b.it was in 1949 ________ prc was founded.
答案:when/in which that
a句先行词1949带回定语从句中,构成 prc was founded in1949。1949作时间状语。b句属于强调句型, 强调时间状语。
5.a.i don\'t believe his reason ________ he gave for his absence.
b.i don\'t believe his reason ________ he was absent.
答案:which/that/× why/for which/×
a句先行词his reason带回到定语从句中,构成he gave the reason for his absence.his reason作give的宾语。b句先行词his reason带回到定语从句中,构成he was absent for the reason。for the reason作原因状语。(先行词reason作原因状语时, 引导词有三种情况:如题。)
6.a.would you like to show us the way ________ you operate the machine?
b.would you like to show us the way ________ you explained at the meeting?
答案:×/that/in which that/which/×
a句先行词the way带回定语从句中,构成 you operate the machine in the way.in the way作方式状语。(先行词way作方式状语时, 引导词有三种形式: 如题。)b句先行词the way带回定语从句中,构成you explained the way at the meeting.the way 作explain的宾语。
●方法实践
ⅰ.单项选择
1.i ________ him 100 yuan and must pay him back tomorrow.
a.debt b.owe
c.borrow d.lend
2.i don\'t want to join them on holiday.i can\'t ________ to spend money the way they do.
a.afford b.allow
c.manage d.permit
3.so far nothing ________ tom.i want to know the reason ________ he hasn\'t written to me. a.heard from;why b.has been heard from;why
c.was heard from;that d.has heard from;that
4.mary is a ________ girl loved by everybody.
a.lively b.alive
c.living d.live
5.though some foreign scientists had a ________ opinion of his new invention,his fellow workers never thought ________ of it.
a.highly;low b.low;high
c.high;highly d.poor;highly
6.i\'m sure the red team will ________ the game.
a.win b.beat
c.defeat d.succeed
7.—i\'m sorry to________ you to so much trouble.
—that\'s all right.
a.put b.add
c.give d.take
8.i waited for the car from the factory to ________ me.
a.call on b.call for
c.call out d.call up
9.—your daughter has two children,doesn\'t she?
—that\'s right.she ________ in 1972.
a.did marriage b.was married
c.married with john d.got married
10.this kind of material can be used to ________ plastics.
a.taking the place of b.take place of
c.taking place of d.take the place of
11.a week is too long.try to be back in a ________ of days.
a.number b.dozen
c.couple d.score
12.those ________ things need water and air,or they will not keep them ________.
a.live;living b.living;alive
c.alive;lively d.lively;live
13.she can\'t help ________ the house because she\'s busy making a cake.
a.to clean b.cleaning
c.cleaned d.being cleaned
14.the speech was very ________ ,and we were ________ to tears.
a.moved;moved b.moving;moving
c.moving;moved d.moved;moving
15.(2000上海春招)it was for this reason ________ her uncle moved out of new york and settled down in a small village.
a.which b.why
c.that d.how
16.she ________ robert for a year.
a.married b.married with
c.has been marrying d.has been married to
17.li ming ________ be in this city,for he has just gone to shanghai.
a.can\'t b.mustn\'t
c.needn\'t d.shouldn\'t
18.________ role she played in the film! no wonder she has won an oscar.
a.how interesting b.how an interesting
c.what interesting d.what an interesting
19.after her son was lost,the old lady\'s hair ________ grayer and grayer.
a.go b.went
c.changed d.looked
20.the reason ________ she missed school this morning was ________ she had to look after her sick grandpa.
a.why;that b.because;why
c.that;because d.which;that
21.do you think we should ________ bob\'s while we are in london?
a.call on b.call for
c.call at d.call upon
22.please find out ________ of the fire.
a.the reason b.cause
c.the cause d.trouble
23.beyond ________ stars,the astronaut saw nothing but ________ space.
a.the;/ b./;the
c./;/ d.the;the
24.people ________ the new tv play.
a.think high of b.think well of
c.think poor of d.think good of
25.tom ________a little role in the work.
a.made b.acted
c.offered d.played
ⅱ.阅读理解
thomas alva edison was awarded more patents on inventions than any other american.when he died in 1931,americans wondered how they could best show their respect for him.one suggestion was that the nation observe a minute or two of total blackout.all electric power would be shut off in homes,streets,and factories.perhaps his suggested plan made americans realize fully what edison and his inventions mean to them.electric power was too important to the country.shutting it off for even a short time would have led to complete confusion.a blackout was out of the question.
on the day of edison\'s funeral,many people silently dimmed their lights.in this way they honoured the man who had done more than anyone else to put the great force of electricity at his countrymen\'s fingertips.
1.this selection says that thomas edison ________.
a.was the only important american inventor
b.received the first american patent
c.received more patents than any other american
d.was the first american inventor
2.people decided to honor edison when ________.
a.he made the first electric light
b.electric power was 100 years
c.the country realized electricity\'s importance
d.he died in 1931
3.the suggested plan was to ________.
a.turn off the lights in factories and schools
b.observe a few minutes of total silence
c.dim all electric lights
d.shut off all electricity for a short time
4.americans fully realized what edison\'s inventions meant when they ________.
a.heard of his death
b.heard of the plan to honor him
c.first used electric power
d.tried to carry out the plan
5.the plan was never carried out because ________.
a.not everyone wanted to honor edison
b.it was too difficult
c.electric power was too important to the country
d.it honored only one of edison\'s inventions
ⅲ.短文改错
when john\'s mother died,his house became too
big for him,so he bought smaller one in the next 1.________
street.there was a very nice old clock in his the 2.________
first house,and when the men came to bring his 3.________
furniture to his new house,john thought,“i\'m not 4.________
going to let them to carry my beautiful old clock 5.________
in their truck.perhaps they\'ll break at it,and 6.________
mending it will be expensive.” so he carried them 7.________
on his arms.on the way,the small boy looked at 8.________
john for a few second and said,“you are a stupid 9.________
man,aren\'t you? why did you buy so a large watch?” 10.________
ⅳ.书面表达
查理•狄更斯(charles dickens)是19世纪英国著名小说家(novelist)。请根据下面提示,用英语写一篇100字左右的人物生平。
狄更斯(1812～1870)出生于portsmouth附近。他12岁时, 就不得不在工厂干活。因为父亲负债累累,他仅上了两年学。他的知识全靠自学所得。他曾在律师事务所当过职员(clerk),还当过记者,后来成为小说家。
他写了很多小说,其中之一名著是《双城记》(a tale of two cities)。该小说于1859年完成。他的作品深受全世界读者喜爱。
ⅴ.同步语法专项练习(定语从句中关系副词及介词+关系代词的用法)
1.the cloth ________ this coat is made is produced in nanjing.
a.of which b.for which
c.from which d.with which
2.the subject ________ we are going to turn is about english studies.
a.about which b.with which
c.about that d.to which
3.after living in paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child.
a.which b.where
c.that d.when
4.i\'ll never forget the day ________ we spent together in london.
a.when b.while
c./ d.on which
5.the pen ________ she writes letters is broken.
a.which b.that
c.with which d.by which
6.the boy pointed to the direction ________ he would run.
a.in which b.to which
c.that d.which
7.do you know the speed ________ which a rocket travels?
a.in b.at
c.on d.with
8.his mother works at the market ________ sells vegetables and fruits.
a.where b.in which
c.at which d.which
9.—have you ever been to rome?
—no,but that\'s the city ________.
a.where i most like to visit b.which i like to visit most
c.i\'d most like to visit d.where i like to visit most
10.i can still remember the sitting-room ________ my mother and i used to sit in the evening. a.which b.what
c.that d.where
11.in the dark street,there wasn\'t a single person ________ she could turn for help.
a.that b.who
c.from whom d.to whom
12.can you tell me the name of the factory ________ you visited last week?
a.what b.in where
c./ d.when
13.the gentle man ________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
a.who b.about whom
c.whom d.with whom
14.the film brought the hours back to me ________ i was taken good care of in that far-away village.
a.until b.that
c.when d.where
15.is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
a.he explained b.what he explained
c.how he explained d.why he explained
16.there are several storybooks ________ “red star” is the best one ________ i\'ve ever read.
a.whose;which b.whose;that
c.of which;which d.of which;/
17.this is the very bike ________ he is going to take a sightseeing.
a .in which b.on which
c.with which d.by which
18.i was introduced to a man the name of ________ was familiar to me.
a.whose b.who
c.which d.whom
19.is that the hill ________ people can see the beautiful scenes miles around?
a.from which b.from there
c.that d.which
20.the sun________ we get heat and light is the most important source of energy.
a.that b.which
c.from that d.from which
参考答案
ⅰ.单项选择
1.b 联系语境,我欠他100元钱。owe sb.some money 欠某人钱。
2.a 像他们那样花钱,我负担不起。afford一般与情态动词can搭配。
3.b so far(到目前为止)决定用现在完成时,且表示被动关系。the reason 作先行词,定语从句的引导词作原因状语,用why/ for which。
4.a lively活泼的,快活的,是形容词,alive活着的,作后置定语,living表示活着的,live表示活生生的,一般修饰动物。
5.c have a high opinion of sb.,think highly of sb.都表示对某人评价很高,第一空需形容词修饰名词opinion,第二空需副词,修饰动词think,再联系语境,选c。have a good/ high/ low/ poor opinion of sb./ sth.= think well/ highly/ little/ ill of sb./ sth.表示对某人或某事给予好的/ 高的/ 低的/ 坏的评价。have no opinion of sth.= think badly of sth.表对某物印象不好。
6.a beat/ defeat + 宾语,宾语指 “人/ 团体”,win/ succeed in +宾语,宾语是 “物/比赛”。 7.a put sb.to trouble 固定短语,表示给某人增添麻烦。
8.b 联系语境,我等车来接我,call for表接某人同往某处。call on拜访某人,call up打电话,call out大声喊。
9.d be married表示状态,get married表示动作,与……结婚是marry sb.。
10.d 取代,代替是take the place of sb./ sth.,take place表示发生。
11.c 一周太长了,几天就回来,a number of 大量的,a dozen/ a score不与of连用,a couple of =several,couple有两种意思: 双/ 对,几个。
12.b living things生物,keep them alive让他们活着,alive作宾语补足语。
13.a 这里不是情不自禁做某事,而是不能帮助清理房间,因此用help (to) do sth.。
14.c moving,moved 均为分词作形容词用，形容事物令人感动用现在分词moving,表示人受到感动用过去分词moved。
15.c 本题是强调句型,强调原因状语for this reason,原句为her uncle moved…for this reason.强调句型it is/ was + 被强调部分 + that +句子其他部分。
16.d 联系语境,表示结婚的状态用be married (to sb.)
17.a 李明不可能在这个城市,因为他刚刚去了上海,表示否定猜测用can not,must用于肯定猜测。need与should 不符合语境。
18.d 短语是play an interesting role in the film,综合运用感叹句知识,what a+adj.+n.+主语+ 谓语! how+adj.+(a+n.)+主语+ 谓语!
19.b go在此题中是系动词,change是变得,不是系动词,look是系动词,但意思是看起来,不符合题意。
20.a reason作先行词,从句中缺原因状语,引导词在从句中作原因状语,用why/ for which,第二部分是表语从句,当主语是the reason时,表语从句用that引导。
21.c call on sb.拜访某人,但此题中bob\'s表示bob的家,因此用call at some place拜访某地。call for需要,来接人,call upon= call on。
22.c the cause of the fire火因,cause作名词,前要加定冠词,表示某事的起因,reason应用the reason for sth.。
23.a 在群星上方,宇航员只能看见太空,stars属于天体,加冠词,space表示太空时,不加冠词。
24.b think highly/ well/ much of sb./ sth.对某人/某事评价很高或印象很好，think badly/ little/ ill of sb./ sth.对……评价很低或印象不好。
25.d play a role in…在……当中起作用,或扮演角色。
ⅱ.阅读理解
1.c 根据文章第一句。
2.d 根据上下文。
3.d 根据上下文。
4.b 根据perhaps this suggested plan made americans realize fully what edison and his inventions mean to them。
5.c 根据第一段后两句。
ⅲ.短文改错
1.在smaller 前加a
2.去掉the 序数词前有his修饰了。
3.bring→take
4.√
5.去掉第二个to let sb.do sth.。
6.去掉at break sth.打碎或搞坏。
7.them→it 指the clock。
8.第二个the→a 泛指。
9.second→seconds。
10.so→such such a large watch= so large a watch。
ⅳ.书面表达
charles dickens(1812~1870),the great nineteenth-century-english novelist,was born near portsmouth.his father was deeply in debt and he had to work in a factory at the age of twelve.he received only two years\' school education.he taught himself all he knew.he had been a clerk in the lawyer\'s office and a reporter before he became a writer。
charles dickens wrote a large number of stories and novels in his life.the novel “a tale of two cities” published in 1859 was one of the most famous novels.his writings are very popular with the readers all over the world。
ⅴ.同步语法专项练习
1.a 先行词the cloth带到从句中构成句子the coat is made of the cloth,be made of 由……制造,是物理变化,把of提到关系代词前。
2.d 先行词the subject带到从句中构成we are going to turn to the subject.turn (one\'s eyes / attention) to sb./ sth.意思为“把脸转向……或把注意力转向……”。如:she turned to me and gave me a big smile.she turned to her mother for help。
3.b 先行词the small town带到从句中构成he grew up in the small town,先行词在从句中作地点状语,引导词用where/ in which。
4.c 先行词the day带到从句中构成we spent the day together in london,the day作 spend的宾语,用that/ which,可以省略。
5.c 先行词the pen 带回定语从句中构成she writes letters with the pen,因此用 with which。
6.a 先行词the direction带到从句中构成he would run in the direction,direction(方向)前用介词in。
7.b 表示以……速度用介词at,先行词 speed在从句中为a rocket travels at the speed。
8.d 先行词the market带到从句中为the market sells vegetables and fruits.,在从句中作主语。
9.b 先行词the city带到从句中构成i like to visit the city most.the city作visit的宾语,并注意语序。
10.d 先行词the sitting-room带到从句中构成my mother and i used to sit in the sitting-room in the evening.注意: 第一个in是作地点状语,第二个in是时间状语,击破定式,以为题中的in是接the sitting-room.实际上是in the evening
11.d 从句中短语是turn to sb.for help,因此加介词to。
12.c 从句中visit缺宾语,关系代词作宾语,可以省略。
13.b tell me about the man给我讲述那个人的事。
14.c 从句中i was taken care of during/ in the hours.引导词作时间状语。
15.a 还原为陈述句this is the reason…,把先行词the reason带到从句中为he explained the reason at the meeting.引导词作宾语,可以省略。
16.d 第一部分是 “red star” is the best one of the several storybooks.因此用of which,第二部分先行词有the best形容词最高级修饰,关系代词用that,作宾语可以省略。
17.b 先行词the very bike带到从句中he is going to take a sightseeing on the bike,故用on which,击破定式by bike,bike前不能加冠词。
18.d the name of the man,the man作介词of的宾语,介词后不能用who。
19.a 先行词the hill带到从句中people can see the beautiful scenes miles around from the hill。
20.d 从句为we get heat and light from the sun。