●学习目标
ⅰ.单词和词组
unforgettable,tomb,iceberg,host,used to,on fire,broken,disaster,typhoon,earthquake,rescue,
roar,mass,advance,seize,sweep,swallow,drag,pull,struggle,fright,flow,crack,chimney,cut down,
completely,shake,strike,destroy,deadline,publish,the next moment,bookworm,couch potato,
workaholic,fan,agent,buddha,temple,naughty,peanut
ⅱ.日常交际用语
it is clear to me that…
what would you do?
first…,next…,then…,finally…
what is it like?
how did you feel about this holiday?
can you name…?
why did you choose to go there?
how did you get there?
ⅲ.语法
学习关系代词引导的定语从句
●学习障碍
ⅰ.单词及短语
against,mass,used to,on fire,cut down,completely,strike,hand in,seize,struggle,stand,fear,fright,
must have done
ⅱ.语法
定语从句中关系代词who/ whom/ which/ that/ whose的用法。
●学习策略
ⅰ.单词及短语部分
1.against prep.
纵向归纳法：
（1）表示反对关系
i will speak against anything i know to be wrong.
their whole life is a fight against poverty and unemployment.
(2)（表示位置关系）靠着，顶着，迎着，衬着
a little piano stood against the wall.
she pressed her face against the glass.
the picture looks good against that light wall.
(3)预防，防备，准备……时用
we are all taking medicine against the disease.
(4)be against 反对 i knew she was against us.
违反，违背 it was against the law.
不利于 almost everything was against him.
联系语境法：
the pine trees were black ________ the morning sky.
a.in b.to c.against d.under
答案：c 根据语境，松树衬着天空。
2.mass n.
纵向归纳法：
(1)一堆，一团，一大块
there is a mass of stones in the yard.
(2)大量，大批
there was a mass of children in the hall.
i\'ve masses of work to do.
3.used to
纵向归纳法：
(1)used to do sth.过去常常……(现在已不如此)
we used to grow beautiful roses.
注意:否定句和疑问句有两种
you usedn\'t to make that mistake.
she didn\'t use(d)to do it,did she?
you used to smoke a pipe,didn\'t you?/ use(d)n\'t you?
(2)be used to +n./ doing 习惯于
i have always been used to hard work.
he became used to such a diet.
i\'m not used to treating patients this way.
i\'m not used to being treated like this.
(3)be used to do 被用来做……
this knife is used to cut bread.
横向归纳法：
表示 “过去常常……”时,used to与would区别
(1)would只强调过去常常……,used to说明现在不是如此。
the old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.
(2)would只接行为动词,used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。
there used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.
联系语境法：
i ________ being treated like that.
a.don\'t used to b.didn\'t used to
c.am not used to d.used to
答案:c 我不习惯于被人这样对待用be used to doing/ n.。
4.cut down
纵向归纳法：
(1)砍倒
if you cut down all the trees you will ruin the land.
(2)减少,削减
i have decided to cut down my smoking.
横向归纳法：
(1)cut up 破碎,切碎
they cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood.
(2)cut off
切断,停掉
our water supply has been cut off again.
隔绝,挡住
the floods cut us off from our homes.
使电话中断
we were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation.
(3)cut… in/ into pieces 把……切成碎片
the vegetables should be cut into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water.
联系语境法：
is george trying to cut his weight________?
a.off b.down
c.up d.through
答案: b cut down weight减少体重
5.completely adv.完全地
the eighteenth century developed a completely new kind of novel.
纵向归纳法：
(1)complete adj.完整的,全部的；完成
is this a complete story?
when will the work on the new railway be complete?
(2)complete v.完成
the workmen haven\'t completed the house yet.
(3)completion n.(不可数)完成,结束
after the completion of the job the workman went home.
横向归纳法：
complete 与finish表 “完成”时的区别
(1)complete 作及物动词, 只接n.或pron.
the railway is not completed yet.
(2)finish
不及物动词
i can\'t come till i have completed.
及物动词, 接n.或doing
when did you finish your college course?
i finished reading the book last night.
6.strike
纵向归纳法：
(1)打，敲,击, 砍,打中,击中
he struck me with his fist.
the house was struck by lightning.
(2)发起进攻,袭击
he moved away as the animal struck.
(3)撞,触(礁)
his head struck the table as he fell.
(4)擦(火柴)
i struck a match and held it to his cigarette.
(5)(某种想法法：)忽然出现,忽然想起
a happy thought struck her.
(6)给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态)
i was struck by her beauty.
(7)罢工
they are striking for higher pay.
（8)(钟)敲(响)
we waited for the clock to strike six.
横向归纳法：
(1)hit 打,敲, 击,击中,射中
he hit a ball over the fence.
the stone hit the window.
使……受到打击
the bad news hit every one hard.
(2)beat 连续有节奏地打,敲
he was beating a drum.
the rain beat against the window.
(心)跳动
his heart had stopped beating.
(鸟翼)扑动
the bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.
打败,打赢,取胜
our champion can beat all runners in the country.
the difficulty has beaten him.
联系语境法：
it was dark in the room so robinson ________ a match.
a.struck b.burnt
c.fired d.lit
答案:a strike a match划火柴, lit是light的过去式.可以说light a fire点火,light a candle点蜡烛。
7.hand in 交上去(给老师或上级),交来(hand v.)
each student has to hand in a composition once a week.
横向比较法：
(1)hand down 传下来,传给
our father handed down these customs to us.
(2)hand…to…传给
they will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.
(3)hand out 发给大家,散发
the teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.
8.seize vt.
纵向归纳法：
(1)(突然)抓住
he seized her hand and shook it heartily.
(2)夺取,攻占,没收,抓获
the soldiers seized the city.
the weapons found in the house were seized by the police.
(3)(用于引申意义)抓住(机会等),理解(意思)
she was quick to seize the meaning of his words.
robert seized an opportunity to speak to him alone.
(4)seize hold of (突然)抓住
she seized hold of the child and pulled it back from the edge of the cliff.
综合运用法：
________ the enemy spy,soldiers returned to their station.
a.seizing b.seized
c.having seized d.having been seized
答案:c解答此题须综合运用分词知识,seize 是the soldiers发出的动作, 用现在分词,又因为此题要体现出先抓住敌人,然后返回的先后顺序,故用现在分词的完成时。
9.struggle
纵向归纳法：
(1)挣扎,奋力,作努力,斗争
they have struggled for years to free their country from the enemy.
the people were struggling to get out of the burning house.
(2)挣扎着走,费力地走
the sick man struggled along the road to his home.
(3)struggle against 和……斗争,搏斗
we had to struggle against strong winds all the way home.
(4)struggle for 为……而斗争
the poor had to struggle for a living.
(5)struggle with 和……斗争
he has been struggling with illness in his life.
he struggled with the mad man till help came.
联系语境法：
the children struggled ________ the heavy snow.
a.to b.through
c.on d.past
答案:b 联系语境,费力地在大雪中走,through表示穿过。
10.stand
纵向归纳法：
(1)站着,站起来
stand on one\'s (own)feet/ legs 依靠自己,自主
after his father died,john had to stand on his own feet and earn his own living.
stand on one\'s head/ hands倒立
the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.
(2)在(某处),位于(某处),存在
a little piano stood against the wall.
a village stands at the foot of the hill.
(3)忍受,经受
he could not stand that horrible english climate.
综合运用法：
there ________ several pine trees on the side of the hill.
a.is b.laid
c.stands d.stand
答案:d解此题须综合运用there be 句型的知识。there be 句型中be 可用lie,stand,sit,flow 等词,根据语境表示不同的意思, 此题中主语是several pine trees,是复数, 应使用are或lie,stand等,laid是lay 的过去式,表放置或产卵,不符合题意。
11.fear
纵向归纳法：
(1)恐惧(多作不可数名词)
they had no fear of great britain and france.
his face was growing pale with fear.
i couldn\'t move for fear.
忧虑,担心的事(可数)
there is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……,以防
he left an hour early for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that)惟恐,怕的是,以防
she worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕,担心
the thief was in fear of the police.
(2)v.恐惧,害怕接n./pron.
cats fear big dogs.
恐惧,害怕，接to do
don\'t fear to tell the truth.
恐怕，担心，接从句
she feared that she might not find him in his room.
综合运用法：
they spoke in a low voice ________ waking up the sleeping child.
a.for fear of b.in case
c.for fear that d.not to
答案:a 解此题须综合运用非谓语动词知识和连词知识。b和c是连词,后接句子,d是不定式,接动词原形。for fear of 是介词短语,接动名词作宾语。
12.fright n.
纵向归纳法： (1)惊吓,害怕(不可数)
she was filled with fright at the sight.
(2)一次惊吓(可数)
you gave me a fright by knocking so loudly at the door.
(3)in fright 惊恐地,害怕地
the child turned and ran in fright from the growling dog.
纵向归纳法：
(1)frighten vt.吓住,使惊吓
he left his gun outside so as not to frighten his wife.
(2)frightful adj.可怕的
it was a frightful storm.
联系语境法：
the boy was ________ by the noise of the explosion.
a.afraid b.nervous
c.fearful d.frightened
答案: d be frightened by被……吓着, afraid害怕的,常用be afraid of,nervous紧张的,fearful害怕的,常用be fearful of。
13.must 表示肯定推测
纵向归纳法：
(1)must + 表状态的动词原形, 表对现在的推测。
the man over there must be his headteacher.
(2)must + be + doing (行为动词), 表对现在的推测。
the boys must be reading in the classroom now.
(3)must + have done,表对已经发生过的动作或事情的推测。
there must have been a quarrel between the couple.
the boy must have read the book.
he must have stayed up late last night.
注意：must表推测时的反意疑问句
（1）对现在的推测,be(not)+主语？
the man over there must be his headteacher,isn\'t he?
the boy must be reading in the classroom now,isn\'t he?
（2）对已发生过的动作或事情的推测。
句中有明确的表过去的时间状语，did/ was(were)(not)+ 主语？
he must have stayed up late last night,didn\'t he?
句中没有明确的表过去的时间状语，have(has)(not)+主语？
the boy must have read the book,hasn\'t he?
横向比较法：
must be doing与must do的区别:
must be doing 表示对现在进行的动作的推测。
he must be sleeping now.
must do 表示必须或一定要做某事。
he must do his homework now.
ⅱ.语法部分
限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法
纵向归纳法：
1.关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当的成分
主语 宾语 定语
指人 who/that whom/that whose
指物 which/that which/that whose
人和物 that that whose
2.如何选用定语从句的关系代词
首先确定定语从句的先行词，然后把先行词带回到定语从句中，看其在定语从句中作什么成分，根据先行词是人指物确定关系代词。
where is the man________ was here?
先行词是the man,把the man带回到定语从句中，构成完整的句子the man was there,句中the man作主语，且指人，故填who/that.
3.注意：
（1）定语从句中关系代词充当宾语时，可以省略。
（2）作宾语时，who可代替whom.
（3）whose引导定语从句时，既可指人，又可指物。
linda lives in the room whose window faces south.
do you know the girl whose mother is working in our school?
横向比较法：
1.that与who
(1)先行词是anyone和those(指人)时，用who。
i\'d like to talk to anyone who speaks to me.
(2)当主语是以who开头的疑问句时，用that。
who is the girl that is sitting by the window?
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时，用that。
2.that与which
(1)用that的情况：
先行词是指物的all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much,none等不定代词。
there is still much that can be improved.
先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,neither等修饰。
i\'ve read all the books that were borrowed from the library.
先行词被the only,the very,the last,the next等修饰。
hamlet is the very book that i want to read again.
先行词被形容词的最高级修饰。
light blue is the best colour that suits her.
先行词被序数词修饰。
the first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
前已有疑问代词时，为避免重复。
which of the books that had pictures was not worth reading?
先行词中有人又有物。
the people and things that he met were strange to him.
(2)用which的情况：
先行词是指物的that或those。
he found that which he was looking for.
击破定式法：
注意：
下列句型之间的比较
1.a.is this the film ________ you talked about just now?
b.is this film ________ you talked about just now?
a.that b.the one
c.when d.where
答案：ab 解此题时，首先还原成陈述句this is the film…this film is …,a句主句成分完整，直接用引导词，b句主句成分不完整，先保证成分完整，再运用关系代词。
2.a.he is one of the students who ________ good at english.
b.he is the one of the students who ________ good at english.
a.is b.are
c.be d.to be
答案：ba a句先行词是the students,从句的谓语用复数；b句先行词是the one,即从句修饰the one,从句的谓语用单数。
3.a.the girl ________ i think was honest fooled me.
b.the girl ________ i think to be honest fooled me.
a.who b.whom
c.which d.from whom
答案：ab a句i think是插入语，去掉后，句子的成分完整，定语从句中缺主语。b句i think不是插入语，i think在定语从句中作主语和谓语，先行词the girl 带回从句中作think的宾语。
4.a.charles is a strange character ________ dislikes parties.
b.charles has a fine character ________ makes him easy to get along with.
a.who b.whom
c.which d.in which
答案：ac a句中character意为“人，人物”，这个人不喜欢晚会。b句中character意为“性格”，这个性格使他很容易相处。
●方法实践
ⅰ.单项选择
1.i need one more stamp before my collection ________.
a.had completed b.completes
c.has been completed d.is completed
2.the road to the mountains ________ by the snow for almost a month.
a.has been cut off b.have been cut off
c.has been cut down d.have been cut down
3.as middle school students,we ________ the police to keep order.
a.are used to help b.used to helping
c.used to help d.used to be helped
4.the two men ________ fire to the shop,which they had ________.
a.set;stolen b.set;robbed
c.caught;stolen d.caught;robbed
5.the little girl was frightened ________ the sight of mouse.
a.with b.at
c.in d.on
6.when she came into the office,the clock ________ eight.
a.rang b.hit
c.struck d.turned
7.last night i ________ mr.black and had a long talk with him.
a.called on b.called at
c.call up d.call at
8.she ________ me by the hand warmly when we met.
a.pressed b.shook
c.was shaking with d.either b or c
9.there used to be a map of scotland on the wall,________?
a.did there b.didn\'t there
c.was there d.were there
10.the lion made a sudden noise and ________.
a.struggled on its feet b.leaped to feet
c.leaped on its feet d.struggled to its feet
11.the door bell rang again,and ________ she heard her letter box being pushed open.
a.the next moment b.for a while
c.in time d.at once
12.suddenly ________ fire broke out in the workshop,but some of the workers managed to put out ________ fire.
a.a;the b./;the
c.the;the d./;/
13.after all the students had taken their seats,the teacher ________ the examination papers.
a.handed in b.handed on
c.handed out d.handed over
14.the mountain looks grey ________ the blue sky.
a.over b.for
c.under d.against
15.________ is known to all,china will be an ________ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years\' time.
a.that;advancing b.this;advance
c.as;advanced d.it;advancing
16.he decided to put the ________ glass on top of the wall to stop boys ________ over it.
a.broken;climbing b.breaking;climbing
c.broken;to climb d.breaking;to climb
17.when ________,the museum will be open to the public next year.
a.completed b.completing
c.being completed d.to be completed
18.(2002上海春招)he stood on one leg ________ against the wall,while he took off his shoes. a.lying b.leaning
c.falling d.stopping
19.too terrible! i can\'t ________ that noise any longer.it will drive my crazy.
a.keep b.stand
c.hold d.touch
20.mother ________ us stories when we were young.
a.was used to tell b.is used to telling
c.used to tell d.used to telling
21.(1993上海)children at the beginning of this century ________ a lot and ________ themselves greatly even without television.
a.used to read; enjoying b.used to read; enjoyed
c.were used to reading; enjoy d.were used to read; enjoying
22.when he was sixty years old,he ________ his hometown.
a.returned b.returned back
c.returned to d.went back
23.the visitors were all deeply ________ by the beauty of the west lake.
a.struck b.beaten
c.hit d.knocked
24.lying in bed,we listened to the heavy rain ________ the window.
a.hitting b.knocking
c.beating d.striking
25.parents must take good care of their children,________they ?
a.don\'t b.needn\'t
c.aren\'t d.mustn\'t
ⅱ.完形填空
it was a small town in england.the people there worked hard but they always got poor 1 .the weather was cold and wet and it was bad for their 2 .there was only a primary school in the town and 3 people were so poor that they couldn\'t send their children there.
mr morgan, 4 father was the headmaster,was sent to a university in the capital.he 5 law there and knew much.he usually 6 to his hometown during his holidays and a lot of his friends wanted to 7 him.they asked a lot about the capital and hoped to be given some advice on their own 8 .the young man was warm-hearted and was 9 to help them.he was busy there but he didn\'t 10 it.
mr waley,one of the morgan\'s neighbours,had a shop in the center of the town.he had been a soldier in france and always 11 he knew more and liked to talk with others.but he got into trouble and 12 mr morgan could help him.but before the young man said a 13 ,he talked on and on in a flaw of eloquence.mr morgan 14 him for nearly an hour and then he began to pour him a cup of tea.the cup was full but he didn\'t 15 and went on pouring.the shopkeeper felt 16 and said,“haven\'t you found the cup is full? you can\'t pour any tea into it.”
“you\'re 17 ,mr waley,” the young man stopped to say.“your brain has been full of all kinds of 18 like the full cup.how can i help you 19 i give you an empty one? you come here to ask me for 20 you know!”
1.a.education b.harvests
c.soil d.government
2.a.health b.lives
c.crops d.animals
3.a.most b.few
c.a few d.no
4.a.his b.which
c.that d.whose
5.a.hated b.discussed
c.studied d.explained 6.a.returned b.agreed
c.replied d.wrote
7.a.play with b.flight with
c.offer d.visit
8.a.studies b.business
c.farming d.science
9.a.ready b.successful
c.proper d.impossible
10.a.forget b.remember
c.like d.mind
11.a.advised b.thought
c.described d.discovered
12.a.made b.ordered
c.hoped d.suggested
13.a.story b.word
c.passage d.reason
14.a.heard b.talked with
c.reported d.listened to
15.a.stop b.rest
c.sit down d.find
16.a.sorry b.angry
c.strange d.happy 17.a.wrong b.right
c.polite d.wise
18.a.opinions b.questions
c.problems d.projects
19.a.when b.after
c.if d.unless
20.a.saving b.money
c.advice d.wish
ⅲ.短文改错
the dead sea is really a larger lake.the river jordan 1.________
flows into it.it\'s surface has an area of over a thousand 2.________
square kilometers.because there is no outlet and the weather is 3.________
very hot,the water is slowly flowing up,the water in the sea 4.________
has unpleasant smell and a very salty bitter taste.it is full 5.________
with salt and other minerals.human bodies will not sink in 6.________
it.people can sit up there and to read newspapers without 7.________
sinking,but it is not a good place for swimming,so the water 8.________
is bad for the skin.no alive things can live in it.that is 9.________
why it called the dead sea. 10.________ ⅳ.书面表达
下面一段文字叙述了你在2003年4月15日在北京站所经历的事.请根据以下内容要点,用英语写一篇120字左右的日记。
1.早晨去北京站为叔叔送行。
2.在候车室里见一位大娘在哭,因为丢了车票,无钱再买。
3.见此情景,你想上去帮助。
4.两位解放军战士过去安慰老人,给她买了票。老人感动,问其姓名地址,他们没有回答,微笑离去。
5.你的感想
ⅴ.同步语法专项练习(定语从句中关系代词的用法)
1.is the river ________ through that town very large?
a.which flows b.flows
c.that flowing d.whose flows
2.the poor man ________ lost his money just now is called john.
a.that b.which
c.who d.whom
3.those ________ know the answer put up your hands.
a.who b.which
c.that d.whom
4.ahead of me i saw a woman ________ i thought was my aunt.
a.who b.whom
c.of whom d.whose
5.bbc english is ________ people ________ want to improve their english.
a.for;who b.for;to whom
c.to;who d.to;what
6.here is the girl ________ schoolbag has been stolen.
a.who b.whom
c.whose d.her
7.—did you ask the guard what happened?
—yes,he told me all ________ he knew.
a.about which b.which
c.that d.what
8.this is the only one of the books ________ we need.
a.which b.what
c.that d.all
9.we should do ________ those in danger.
a.that we can to help b.all we can to help
c.all we can help d.all what we can to help
10.the doctor ________ is leaving for africa next month.
a.the nurse is talking to him b.whom the nurse is talking
c.the nurse is talking to d.who the nurse is talking
11.a child ________ parents are dead is called orphan.
a.which b.his
c.whose d.with
12.his parents wouldn\'t let him marry anyone ________ family was poor.
a.of whom b.whom
c.of whose d.whose
13.all ________ is needed is a supply of oil.
a.the thing b.that
c.what d.which
14.all of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ________ in the forest.
a.once they grew b.they grew once
c.that once grew d.once grew
15.we\'ll call on the man ________ we believe can speak very good english.
a.who b.whom
c.whoever d.which
16.social customs of america are more like ________ of england than of any other country. a.those b.what
c.which d.that
17.they talked for about an hour of things and persons ________ they remembered in the school.
a.which b.that
c.who d.whom
18.the great wall is the last place ________ mr.smith is going to visit before he leaves beijing.
a.where b.which
c./ d.what
19.i\'m wondering ________ he expects will win the gold medal in men\'s single.
a.whom b.which
c.who d.what
20.the bread ________ her mother made was much delicious than that ________ you bought at food shops.
a./;which b.that;who
c.which;what d./;/
参考答案
ⅰ.单项选择
1.d complete是及物动词,此题中用被动关系。综合运用时态问题,主句是将来时,从句用现在时。
2.a cut down表砍倒,减少,cut off切断供应,隔绝,主语是the road,是单数。
3.c used to do 过去常常,be used to do 表被动关系,be used to doing 习惯于。
4.b set fire to sth.放火烧……,catch fire着火,which引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰the shop,rob some place of sth.抢劫某地为了某物,steal sth.from some place 从某地偷走某物。
5.b be frightened at 由于……而吓坏了,at与某些形容词或分词(angry,delighted,glad,happy,sad,surprised等)连用时,表示引起某种情绪的原因。
6.c the clock struck eight 钟敲响了八下,敲钟用strike。
7.a call on 拜访某人,call at 拜访某地,call up打电话,时态不对。
8.b shake 表 “握手”时,为shake one by the hand= shake one\'s hand。
9.b used to 表过去常常,反意疑问句用didn\'t/ usedn\'t,本题是there be 句型。
10.d struggle to one\'s feet表 “挣扎地站起来”,是固定短语,leap跳过,跳越,leap to one\'s feet “突然站起来”。
11.a 联系语境,门铃响了,然后信箱被推开了。the next moment下一刻,for a while 一会儿,in time及时,迟早,at once立刻。
12.a 一场火灾fire可数,但本题中第一次提出,不特指,put out the fire灭火,特指前文提到的火灾。
13.c hand out分发,hand in递交,hand on传给,hand over交给
14.d 联系语境,在蓝天的衬托下,against表衬着。
15.c advanced 作形容词,表 “先进的”,as引导非限制性定语从句,d it应用于it is known to all that…。
16.a broken glass打碎的玻璃,过去分词表示被动关系或完成,而现在分词表主动关系或正在进行中,故不用breaking,stop sb.(from) doing 阻止某人做某事。
17.a 把从句补充完整when the museum is completed,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以把从句的主语和be动词省略,即when completed。
18.b lean against the wall依靠着墙。
19.b 联系语境,我无法忍受噪音.stand 表示忍受,一般用于否定句。
20.c 当我们小的时候,妈妈经常给我们讲故事.used to do 过去经常,be used to do表示被动,be used to doing 习惯于。
21.b c项中enjoy应用enjoyed 与were并列,或用enjoying与reading并列。
22.c return表 “归来”,是不及物动词,后+ to ,return = go/ come back,因此不能与back连用.再如repeat不能与again连用,favorite/ perfect不能与形容词的最高级连用。
23.a 联系语境,被美景打动了,用strike。
24.c beat表示连续地敲打,或有节奏地跳动,hit表示打一下,击中,strike指突然性或一次性的击打,雨点打在窗户上,是连续不断地敲打,用beat。
25.b 联系语境,此题中must表示 “必须”,反意疑问句用needn\'t,mustn\'t表示 “禁止,不准”,如果must表示推测用法时,应根据具体情况用不同的助动词。
ⅱ.完形填空
1.b 根据上下文，劳动与收成有直接联系。
2.c 寒冷与潮湿对庄稼不利。
3.a 根据上下文，收成不好，大多数人无法送子女上学。
4.d 非限制性定语从句，他的父亲。
5.c 学习法律。
6.a 假期回家。
7.d 根据上下文，人们要向他请教，所以来拜访他。
8.b mr.morgan对农活不懂，人们要问的自然是与他们自己的事务有关的事。
9.a mr.morgan 热心肠，乐于助人，be ready to help sb.。
10.d 根据上下文。
11.b 认为自己懂得多。
12.c 根据上下文。
13.b mr.morgan还没来得及说话，邻居就开始夸夸其谈[注: 形容说话浮夸不切实际。]。
14.d 根据上下文。
15.a 根据上下文。
16.c 因为杯子满了，mr.morgan还不停，所以邻居很奇怪。
17.b 根据上下文。
18.a 头脑中充满了各种想法。
19.d 根据上下文。
20.c ask sb.for advice向某人征求建议。
ⅲ.短文改错
1.larger→large 上下文没有比较含义
2.it\'s→its it\'s 是it is 的缩写
3.weather→climate 文中需要的是 “气候”,而weather指天气
4.在the water前加and
5.在unpleasant 前加an 这里的small 是某一种气味,可数
6.with→of be full of 充满
7.去掉to read 与sit up 并列
8.so→because 根据上下文表原因
9.alive→living alive作后置定语。
10.在called 前加is 表被动。
ⅳ.书面表达
april 15th,2003 sunny
this morning i saw off my uncle at the beijing railway station.in the waiting room i saw an old lady crying sadly because she had lost her ticket and was not able to buy another one for home. i was thinking about helping her when two pla men came up to comfort her.then they bought her a ticket with their own money.the old lady was so moved that she could hardly say a word.she grasped their hands and asked for their names and addresses.but they only smiled and said,“it\'s our pleasure.we have just done what we should.” then they left.
what lovely pla men! i must learn from them to serve the people heart and soul.
ⅴ.同步语法专项练习
1.a 把疑问句还原成陈述句 the river ________is very large.定语从句为which flows through that town。
2.c 先行词the poor man指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,因此用who/ that,指人时who比that好。
3.a 联系语境,先行词those指人,这时关系代词用who而不用that。
4.a 定语从句为the woman was my aunt.i thought是插入语,先行词a woman带到从句中作主语,用who。
5.a 第一空填for表示目的,第二空中关系代词在定语从句中作主语,且指人。
6.c 定语从句为the girl\'s schoolbag has been stolen.the girl\'s作定语,修饰schoolbag,关系代词用whose。
7.c 先行词是all,且指事情或事物,关系代词that而不用which。
8.c 先行词前有only修饰,关系代词用that。
9.b 谓语动词do缺宾语,用all作宾语,本题的句子可转换为we should do all to help those in danger.不定式to help those in danger作目的状语,其中宾语all带有定语从句that we can do,从句中的引导词that作宾语省略,因为前文用了动词do,故从句中的do省略,因此选b。
10.c 先行词the doctor带到定语从句中,构成句子the nurse is talking to the doctor,the doctor作介词to的宾语,可以省略。
11.c 先行词a child带到从句中构成句子the child\'s parents are dead,the child\'s作定语修饰parents,因此用关系代词whose。
12.d 先行词anyone。
13.b 先行词是all,关系代词用that。
14.c 联系语境,those代替flowers,将其带到从句中,flowers once grew in the forest.,grow表示生长时是不及物动词,flowers 在从句中作主语,故选c。
15.a we believe作插入语,关系代词在从句中作主语,且指人。
16.a 这不是定语从句,因此用those代替前文中的customs(是复数)。
17.b 先行词是things and persons,指人又指物,关系代词用that。
18.c 关系代词在从句中作visit的宾语,先行词place前有last修饰,用that而不用which,作宾语可以省略。
19.c 此题中引导词引导的是宾语从句,he expects作插入语,宾语从句中缺主语,指人。
20.a 第一部分中关系代词作宾语,用that/ which,可以省略。联系语境,第二部分中that代替the bread,作先行词,关系代词在从句中作宾语,用that/ which,可以省略,但因为先行词是that,为了避免混淆,用which,且不省。