=●学习目标
ⅰ.单词和词组
manner,apologize,interrupt,forgive,mean,fault,pay a visit to,culture,for the first time,behave,
impression,unfold,custom,serve，course,toast,fashion,polite,provide,place(vt.),close to,start with,drink to one\'s health
ⅱ.日常交际用语
that\'s/it\'s ok.
no problem.
excuse me,may i interrupt you for a moment?
what is it?
i\'m terribly sorry.
forgive me.
i apologize for taking the bike without telling you.
i didn\'t mean to interrupt you.
ⅲ.语法
学习限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。
●学习障碍
ⅰ.单词及短语
manner,interrupt,mean,fault,pay a visit to,behave,impression,serve,provide,close to
ⅱ.语法
非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别。
●学习策略
ⅰ.单词及短语部分
1.manner n.
纵向归纳法：
（1）方式 do it in a business manner.
（2）态度 she has a friendly manner.
（3）manners 礼貌 it\'s bad manners to stare at people.
联系语境法：
i don\'t object to（反对）what he says,but i strongly dislike the ________ he says it.
a.way b.manners
答案：a 指“方式”，可用way或manner。复数manners，表示“礼貌”。
2.interrupt v.
纵向归纳法：
(1)中断 he interrupted his work to answer the bell.
(2)打断（某人）讲话 don\'t interrupt(me) while i\'m busy.
横向比较法：
disturb vt.
(1)打扰 may i disturb you for a moment?
(2)弄乱 a light wind disturbed the surface of the water.
联系语境法：
用interrupt或disturb填空
(1)it\'s not polite to________a speaker.
(2)i don\'t wish to________while doing homework.
(3)someone has________all my papers.
答案：（1）interrupt (2)be disturbed (3)disturb
3.mean v.
纵向归纳法：
(1)mean to do 打算做某事
sorry,i didn\'t mean to hurt you.
(2)mean doing 意味着
the new order will mean (us) working overtime.
横向比较法：
(1)stop/go on to do停下来/继续做另一件事
stop/go on doing停下来/继续做一件事
(2)try to do设法做/努力（表目的）
try doing试着做/尝试（表方式）
(3)remember/forget/regret to do
记得/忘记/遗憾做某事（事情还没做）
remember/forget/regret doing记得/忘记/后悔做过某事
(4)can\'t help(to)do不能帮助做某事
can\'t help doing情不自禁[注: 禁：抑制。感情激动得不能控制。强调完全被某种感情所支配。]做某事
联系语境法：
(1)—the light in the office is still on.
—oh,i forgot________.
a.turn it off b.to turn it off
c.turning it off d.having turned it off
(2)having finished the book,the writer tried________a publisher.
a.finding b.to find c.finish d.found
答案：（1）b （2）b
4.fault n.
纵向归纳法：
（1）错（误）there\'re many faults in the book.
（2）缺点，毛病 every man has his faults.
（3）at fault有错，有毛病
the boys are not at fault in this case.
横向比较法：
mistake
(1)n.错误
the teacher found several spelling mistakes in his article.
(2)make a mistake犯错
we all make mistakes.
（3）by mistake错误地，无心（做了某事）
i took your umbrella by mistake.
（4）v.弄错，误会
he\'s mistaken the address,and gone to the wrong house.
(5)mistake…for…错把……当作……
i mistook you for your brother.
联系语境法：
用fault或mistake或相关词组填空：
（1）she believed the________lay with him.
(2)she put salt in her cup of tea________.
答案：(1)fault。“fault”表示“错误”时，强调是某人犯的错误或责任。（2）by mistake 5.behave v.
纵向归纳法：
(1)behave well,badly(toward sb.)（举止或行为）表现（好/不好）
she behaves (toward me) more like a friend than a teacher.
(2)behave oneself表现良好
children,please behave yourselves!
(3)behaviour n.待人态度，行为方式
击破定式法：
改错：he is a good-behaved boy.
答案：应改为well-behaved。behaved与副词构成合成形容词。此处well修饰behaved,而不是修饰boy。又如：a newly-built museum。
6.impression n.印象
纵向归纳法：
（1）impression (on sb.)（给某人）印象
his speech made a strong impression on his audience.
（2）impression(of sth.)（对某事物）印象，想法
that\'s my first impression of the new college.
(3)impress v.
impress sb.with sth.给予某人深刻印象
the sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists.
impress sth.on sb.使某人铭记
the teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking.
联系语境法：
her beauty is most________.
a.impress b.impression c.impressive
答案：c 此处不需要动词或名词。impressive是形容词，表示给人印象深刻的。
7.provide v.提供
纵向归纳法：
(1)provide sb.with sth.
agriculture provides industry with raw material and market.
provide sth.to sb.
could you provide accomodation(住宿)to 30 people?
(2)provide for sb.养活
i have no worries,only myself to provide for.
(3)provide for sth.为（可能的困难）做准备
he worked hard to provide for his old age.
横向比较法：
(1)supply v.供给，供应
supply sb.with sth.
supply sth.to sb.
in britain milk is supplied to each house in bottles. n.供给（物品），贮备
have we got enough supplies of coal?
in short supply供应不足
(2)offer v.(主动）提出（给予/做某事）
offer sth.to sb.
offer sb.sth.
i\'ve been offered a job in japan.
offer to do sth.
he offered to drive us home,but we preferred to walk.
联系语境法：
用offer,supply,provide的适当形式填空：
（1)he________for his family by working in a bookshop.
(2)the water________here is good.
(3)they________him a lift,but he didn\'t accept.
答案：(1)provided。provide for表示“供养”。
（2）supply。此处为名词，表示“供应”。
（3）offered。表示主动提出（供人接受或拒绝）。
8.serve v.
纵向归纳法：
（1）为……服务/工作
a slave serves his master.
（2）接待（顾客）
the shop assistant is serving a customer.
（3）侍候吃饭，端（菜）
lunch is served now.
（4）serve as充任（某职务）作……用
she served as a model for several painters.
this box will serve as/for a seat.
（5）serving n.一份食物
this will be enough for 4 servings.
servant n.仆人，公仆
this mayor is a public servant.
service n.服务
his whole life was devoted to(奉献给) the service of others.
击破定式法：
改错：we should serve for the people heart and soul.
答案：去掉for。serve表示“为某人服务”，直接加宾语。
ⅱ.语法部分
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
纵向归纳法：
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明确。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚。
2.限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号分开；非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用逗号分开。
the film which was shown just now is very exciting.(限制）
we saw an exciting film, which is about how people fight against pollution.(非限制）
试比较：
3.限制性定语从句可以用that引导；非限制性定语从句不用that引导，应用which。
that is the interesting novel that/which you are eager to read.
i read an interesting novel, which was about the long march.
4.限制性定语从句的关系代词作宾语时可省略。
非限制性定语从句的关系代词作宾语时则不能省略，介词后的关系代词也不能省略。
i will never forget the days(that,which) we spent together.
he is the man(whom/that)you can turn to for advice.
he is the man to whom you can turn for help.(不能省）
his mother, whom he loved dearly,died in 1818.(不能省）
5.限制性定语从句一般只修饰先行词；非限制性定语从句可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰其前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。
i have finished the novel that you lent me yesterday.
she failed in the exam again, which made her mother very angry.
he will made a trip to suzhou, which is famous for its beautiful scenery.
●方法实践
ⅰ.单项选择
1.—hey,look where you\'re going!
—oh,________.
a.i\'m not noticing b.that\'s all right c.i don\'t mean to do it d.i\'m terribly sorry
2.when i caught him cheating me i stopped________things in his shop.
a.buying b.buy
c.to buy d.bought
3.mr full apologized________the children________the lady________what they had done.
a.for;to;to b.to;to;for
c.for;to;for d.to;for;for
4.you made the same mistake for________second time,dropping________“n” in the word “government”.
a.for;to;to b.a;the
c.a;a d.the;an
5.—this dialogue should________a question,not a puzzle.
—i am________. a.have started with;to blame b.start with;to be blamed
c.have started from;to blame d.start from;to be blamed
6.his parents meant him________scientific research,but he showed no interest and turned poet. a.going in for b.to have gone in for
c.to go in for d.having gone in for
7.in salad bars the waiter doesn\'t bring you salad.you have to________yourself,usually to as much as you want.
a.bring b.serve
c.help d.supply
8.a thousand miles no longer________to us today,for modern transportation can easily get us________this distance.
a.mean much;to b.means many;over
c.meant more;by d.means much;over
9.however,at times this balance in nature is________,resulting in a number of possibly unseen effects.
a.disturbed b.troubled
c.puzzled d.mixed
10.—you\'ve given us a wonderful meal,mrs jackson.
—________.i\'m glad you enjoy it.
a.not at all b.i don\'t think so myself
c.thanks a lot d.no,just so-so
11.—why didn\'t you give me a ring?
—well,i meant________,but later i forgot.
a.telephoning b.to telephone
c.having telephoned d.telephoned
12.be quiet!it\'s rude to________people when they are talking.
a.stop b.introduce
c.prevent d.interrupt
13.the words of his old teacher left a________impression on his mind.he is still affected by them.
a.lasting b.lively
c.long d.real
14.while shopping,people sometimes can\'t help________into buying something they don\'t really need.
a.to persuade b.persuading
c.being persuaded d.be persuaded
15.—i must apologize for________ahead of time.
—that\'s all right.
a.letting you not know b.not letting you know
c.letting you know not d.letting not you know
16.i regret________you that i won\'t go to help you next week.
a.for telling b.telling
c.to tell d.told
17.—you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—well,now i regret________that.
a.to do b.to be doing
c.to have done d.having done
18.we\'ll have the discussion in the garden________the hall.
a.instead of b.instead in
c.instead of in d.instead
19.the old woman is sitting________her daughter.
a.near to b.next
c.next by d.close to
20.he promised to drop in________the smiths sometime next month.
a.to b.in
c.on d.for
21.my parents always let me have my own________of living.
a.way b.method
c.manner d.fashion
22.all the rooms are________with electric light.
a.supplied b.given
c.offered d.burnt
23.—car 17 won the race.
—yes,but its driver came close to________.
a.having killed b.have been killed
b.be killed d.being killed
24.—you should have thanked her before you left.
—i meant________,but when i was leaving i couldn\'t find her anywhere.
a.to do b.to
c.doing d.doing so
25.—i usually go there by train.
—why not________by boat for a change? a.to try going b.trying to go
c.to try and go d.try going
ⅱ.完形填空
it was 11:30 in the evening.a 1 american lady of about seventy was standing on the side of an alabama 2 trying to bear a pouring rainstorm.her car had 3 and at the moment she 4 needed a ride.wet to the skin,she decided to flag down the next 5 .a young white man stopped to help her—generally unheard 6 in those conflict-filled（矛盾冲突）1960s.the man 7 her to safety in his car,and 8 a taxicab(a kind of car)for her.she seemed to be in a great 9 .she wrote down his 10 ,thanked him and drove away.several days went by and a 11 came on the man\'s door.to his 12 ,a very big color tv was delivered to his home.a special note was 13 to it.it read:“dear sir,thank yu so much for assisting a(an) 14 coloured woman on the freeway 15 night.the rain 16 wet all over not only my clothes 17 my spirits.then you 18 along.because of you,i was 19 to make it to my dying husband\'s bedside just 20 he passed away.god bless you for helping me and kindly serving others.sincerely,mrs.nat king cole.”
1.a.black b.white
c.poor d.sick
2.a.railway b.freeway
c.street d.avenue
3.a.broken up b.speeded up
c.broken down d.slowed down
4.a.seriously b.badly
c.fairly d.probably
5.a.bus b.truck
c.taxi d.car
6.a.from b.by
c.before d.of
7.a.put b.led
c.fetched d.took
8.a.hired b.took
c.sent d.asked
9.a.need b.help
c.hurry d.trouble
10.a.address b.number
c.name d.words
11.a.lady b.salesman
c.letter d.knock
12.a.surprise b.delight
c.joy d.satisfaction
13.a.offered b.given
c.stuck d.written
14.a.aged b.dark
c.lucky d.unhappy
15.a.another b.the other
c.other d.any
16.a.let b.made
c.had d.turned
17.a.and b.but
c.or d.otherwise
18.a.got b.went
c.ran d.came
19.a.able b.ready
c.likely d.willing
20.a.after b.before
c.until d.since
ⅲ.短文改错
sometimes we have difficulties in remembering the names 1.________
of the months in english.if we will know something of 2.________
the history of this names,possibly they will not seem 3.________
so difficult for us to remember.the following is two 4.________
examples.january named after the god janus,janus was a 5.________
strange god with two faces.he could look at two 6.________
directions.he could look forward and backward at the same 7.________
time.he was the god of endings and beginnings.january is first 8.________
month of the year.it\'s a month on which one looks forward 9.________
to the new year.it\'s also a period of time people think 10.________
about the past year.
ⅳ.书面表达
请根据下列内容用英语向来访的外宾介绍你校新建网络学校的情况：
新世纪net-school网络系统表
多媒体教学系统 使教与学更为方便有趣，在课堂上获取更多信息，学到更多知识
电子阅览室
向师生开放
可向世界各地发送电子邮件（e-mail）
可通过因特网（internet）查寻最新信息
远程教学系统 只要家中有电脑，任何人都可以学习本校的课程
注意：
1.介绍必须包括表内的主要内容，可以适当增减信息，使内容连贯。
2.词数100左右
3.生词：①多媒体教学系统：multimedia teaching system②电子阅览室：information centre ③远程教学系统：long distance teaching system
4.文章开头已给出；不计入词数。
ladies and gentlemen，
welcome to our new century net-school!
ⅴ.同步语法专项练习(限制性与非限制性定语从句)
1.beijing government puts more than 700 million yuan to increase its green space this year,________doubles the money provided last year.
a.as b.which
c.that d.while
2.helen is much more kind to her youngest child than to the others,________,of course,makes the others unhappy.
a.who b.which
c.she d.that
3.the wrong you\'ve done him is terrible,for________you should make an apology to him,i think.
a.this b.which
c.what d.that
4.recently my father bought a chinese painting,________was very reasonable.
a.the price of whose b.which price
c.the price of which d.its price
5.for weeks the street hasn\'t been cleaned by the cleaner,________makes it very dirty.
a.who b.which
c.that d.this
6.don\'t talk about such things________you are not sure of.
a.that b.what
c.as d.those
7.there are some________believe the bill,________also covers labor and health programs,to be too expensive.
a.who;which b.who;that
c.that;as d.which;which
8.we will be shown around the city:schools,museums,and some other places,________other visitors seldom go.
a.what b.which
c.where d.when
9.alec asked the policeman________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
a.with him b.who
c.with whom d.whom
10.i shall never forget those years________i lived in the country with the farmers,________has a great effect on my later life.
a.that;which b.when;which
c.which;that d.when;who
11.________is known to all,taiwan is a part of china.
a.as b.which
c.that d.what
12.do you know the girl________?
a.whom he often talk b.he often talks to
c.to who he often talks d.he often talks
13.alfred hitchcock________produced a new film called frenzy.
a.who is well-known for thriller movies
b.whom is well-known for thriller movies
c.,who is well-known for thriller movies
d.,whom is well-known for thriller movies
14.have you ever been to xi\'an,________i left ten years ago?
a.where b.which
c.that d./
15.the man will never forget the days________he spent with lenin.
a.when b.which
c.that d.both b and c
16.in the office i never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,________many people have gone home.
a.whose time b.that
c.on which d.by which time
17.the famous basketball star,________tried to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention. a.where b.when
c.which d.who
18.greenland,________island in the world,covers over two million kilometres.
a.it is the largest b.that is the largest
c.is the largest d.the largest
19.he was very rude to the customs officer,________of course made things even worse.
a.who b.whom
c.what d.which
20.the general at last got a chance to visit the village________he used to fight,________he had been dreaming of for years.
a.that;which b.where;that
c.in which;what d.where;which
参考答案
ⅰ.单项选择
1.d 表示很抱歉。a、c两项应用过去的时态。
2.a stop表示停止做一件事时，接动名词作宾语。
3.c apologize to sb.for sth.表示为了某事向某人道歉。本题第一个for表示“替”“代”。 4.d a接序数词，表示“再一”“又一”。
5.a start with指“以……开始”；be to blame指“应该负责”“应该受责备”。
6.b mean表示打算时，接to do不定式。mean,intend,expect等接to have done表示事与愿违[注: 事实与愿望相反。指原来打算做的事没能做到。]。 7.c help oneself to sth.指为自己取食品、饮料等，等于serve oneself with sth.。
8.d 时间、金钱、距离作主语，谓语用单数。over表示“越过”。
9.a 表示“被弄乱”。
10.c
11.b mean to do 表示打算。mean doing表示意味着。
12.d 表示打断（某人）说话。
13.a 从后一句来看“他现在还一直被影响着”，说明老师的话给他留下了持久的，永不磨灭的印象。long是长久的，但也有时间限制。
14.c 表示“忍不住”，cannot help接doing。此题表示“人们有时忍不住被劝买了些他们不需要的东西”，people与persuade是被动关系。
15.b apologize for sth./doing sth.动名词否定，not加在-ing之前。
16.c regret to do 表遗憾/抱歉要做某事。regret doing表后悔做了某事。
17.d 表“后悔”。
18.c instead of连接并列成分，此题连接两个地点状语。
19.d close to表“靠近”。near不接to；next to表“紧挨着”。
20.c drop in on sb.指“顺便拜访”某人，the smiths指史密斯一家人。drop in at接地点。 21.a 表生活方式。manner表方式时，侧重指行为方式。
22.a be supplied with sth.表提供。b、c选项不与介词with搭配。
23.d close to 中to是介词，接动名词；driver 和kill是被动关系，故不选a。
24.b mean to do表打算，有上下文时，为避免重复，在不定式符号to处省略。
25.d why not接动词原形；try doing表“尝试”，try to do表示“努力”“试图”，强调目的。
ⅱ.完形填空
1.a 通读全文，从文中coloured woman就应得知她的肤色，故选a。
2.b 70多岁的老妇人，深夜11：30站在路边，从her car我们知道她有车，不应选railway，那么如果是c和d，她应有地方去避雨。
3.c 老妇人任大雨淋，站在路边不走，不难得知，她的车坏了。
4.b 深夜，车又坏了，70多岁的老妇人深夜出门，应有急事，她急需搭车，故badly need最合适。
5.d 老妇人浑身湿透了，她决定拦下一辆车，深夜，公共汽车、出租车在高速路上应很少了，故选car。
6.d unheard是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句，意思是在20世纪60年代充满矛盾冲突的情形下，帮助人这种事是很少听到的。选of构成heard of。
7.d 把某人带到某地，应用take sb.to故选took。
8.a 年轻人把老妇人带到安全的地方，帮她租了一辆车，因为她自己的车坏了，年轻也不能把自己的车让她用，故选hired。 9.c in a great去掉great,in a正好与hurry连用，构成固定表达。
10.a 从下文中得知，老妇人让人把大彩电送到年轻人家里，就可推断出，老妇人写下的是年轻人的地址。
11.b 送彩电的人就应是卖彩电的人，不可能是老妇人，故选b。
12.a to one\'s surprise，正合题意，因为年轻人没有想到老妇人会这么做。
13.c 送年轻人彩电，老妇人定有便信以解释，那么这便信应是粘贴在彩电的箱子上的，故选stuck。
14.a 老妇人非常感谢这个年轻人在深夜，在高速路上帮助她，她称自己是上了年纪的老人。故选aged。
15.b the other night是指过去的某个夜晚。
16.b 这里说雨使她全身湿透，故选b较好。
17.b 由于句中有not only，后面定是but，雨不仅湿了她的衣服，而且也让她心灰意冷[注: 灰心失望，意志消沉。]了。
18.d 就在老妇人心灰意冷时，年轻人来了，有来的及时之意，故用came。
19.a 由于年轻人的帮助，老妇人才能够回到丈夫的床边，故用be able to，选able。
20.b 老妇人正好在她丈夫去世前到了他的床边。故选before。
ⅲ.短文改错
1.difficulties→difficulty 2.去掉will 3.this→these 4.is→are 5.january后加was 6.at→in 7.√ 8.first前加the 9.on→in 10.time后加when
ⅳ.书面表达
ladies and gentlemen,
welcome to our new century net-school!
our net-school is made up of three parts.multimedia teaching system makes teaching and learning easier and much more interesting.students can get more information and knowledge in class.information center, where we can send e-mails to all parts of the world and get the latest information from internet, is open to both teachers and students.long distance teaching system is for the students who are not studying in our school.they can study at home if they have a computer. ⅴ.同步语法专项练习
1.b which指代700 million yuan引导非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。
2.b which引导定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。
3.b which指代the wrong you\'ve done。
4.c 名词或代词+of+which/whom/whose…引导的定语从句中,of which在定语从句中作定语。which替代a chinese painting。
5.b which指代前面句子。
6.c as引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，替代things，主句中有such,the same,as，定语从句中引导词常用。
7.a who在定语从句中作主语，指代some,此处some表示有些人。which替代the bill。 8.c where在定语从句中作状语。
9.c with whom he worked是定语从句，介词with是从句中work with…所要求的。
10.b when在定语从句中作状语，指代in those years;which在从句中作主语，替代前句。 11.a as和which都可引导定语从句，替代句子。但as译为“正如”“正像”，且它引导的从句可在句首也可在句中。
12.b 定语从句修饰先行词the girl,关系词在从句中作talk to的宾语，可用that,whom或省略。
13.c 关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以不用whom。非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加说明。
14.b which在定语从句作left的宾语，非限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时不能省略。 15.d 关系词在从句中作spend的宾语，可用which或that,也可省略。
16.d which指代5:30p.m.，从句时态为完成时，所以用by短语。
17.d
18.d greenland与the largest是同位语。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，故不选b。 19.d which替代前句。
20.d where在定语从句作状语，替代in the village。which指代前句。